What is APEL.Q?

APEL.Q (Accreditation of Prior Experiential Learning for Award of Academic Qualifications) is the award of academic qualifications to individual learners through the assessment of prior experiential learning toward a fully accredited degree offered by the university.

APEL.Q has been widely implemented in Europe and recently in Asia, a number of countries have recognized APEL.Q as an official process with national recognition and it is prioritized for development as an effective policy that serves for liberal arts education, labor mobility and lifelong learning.

APEL.Q allows professional individuals with no official academic degrees to convert their experiences into a degree. APEL.Q is claimed to be a strict, fair, transparent, accurate and cost-saving process.

In traditional training programs, the award of academic qualification is based on the competencies acquired from the training programs itself. However, APEL.Q is based on the reverse process using the national framework that the government publishes to evaluate an individual’s competency, thereby recognize and grant degrees. Degrees are granted from occupational associations and/or universities if they recognize the assessment procedure.

APEL.Q for the Professional Doctorate from the London Academy of Sciences (LAS)

APEL.Q for Doctor of Business Administration at the London Academy of Sciences (LAS) is executed using qualifications criteria published and recognized by the United Kingdom government and the Université Liberale de Paris (Paris-U).

Students can earn a Doctor of Business Administration degree in 12 months by following a 3-step process: (1) A portfolio listing and describing your working history and experience (Portfolios); (2) Colloquium & End Point Assessment; and (3) Capstone Project. This saves 95% of study time and 98% of tuition compared to full-time study in Europe.

The London Academy of Sciences’ APEL.Q program is the world’s first independently implemented program, with published and accepted qualifications assessment criteria by the United Kingdom government and the Université Libéral de Paris (Paris-U).

Students graduate with a Professional Doctorate in one of the following specializations:

• International Business Administration
• Marketing management
• Financial management
• Strategic Management
• Administration of insurance activities
• Tourism Management
• Logistics Management
• Human resources management
• Administrative Management
• Engineering Business Management
• E-commerce Management
• Administration of Management Information Systems
• Design Management
• Non-profit Organization Management
• And other majors based on the Doctoral Thesis

The complete qualifications framework used to evaluate APEL.Q of LAS was designed by the UK government in order to ensure recognition and effectiveness in the workplace, with the assistance of councils such as Tata Steel, Covance, Fera, Photo Centric, Astra Zeneca, Unilever, GSK, Croda, Pfizer, 2sfg, teva runcorn, BASF, nufarm, Grimsby hospital, Health education England.

1. Earn your Doctor of Business Administration in one of the majors within 12 months

• The APEL.Q process helps recognize accumulated experiences to transfer directly to the Capstone Project stage of the Université Libérale de Paris. Candidates could receive the final results within 12 months if they follow the program’s framework and provide appropriate documents.

2. All degrees and assessment criteria are fully accredited and recognized

• All assessment criteria are published and recognized by the UK government.
• Assessment criteria are recognized in the workplace with the participation of various assessment councils from Tata Steel, Covance, Fera, Photo Centric, Astra Zeneca, Unilever, GSK, Croda, Pfizer, 2sfg, teva runcorn, BASF, nufarm, Grimsby hospital, Health education England.
  • Earn the Research Scientist Certification from the Senior Leader Council (additional): Certify the expertise equivalent to Research Scientist in accordance with the United Kingdom government’s Level 8 RQF qualifications framework. The Senior Leader Council granted competency certification in accordance with the UK government’s competency standards and recommendations.
• Receive a LAS Level 8 Diploma in Research: LAS Level 8 Diploma in Research complies with the Level 8 UK Regulated Qualification Framework (UK Doctorate’s).
• Receive DBA in Majors from the Université Libérale de Paris (Paris-U):
  • The level of the official degree is consistent with that of a full-time study program in France.
  • Paris-U is the first liberal arts university for Postgraduates with full accreditation.
  • The entire program applies the Level 8 European Qualifications Framework (EQF).

3. Saving 95% of study time:

Instead of full-time studying for 3 to 5 years in Europe, with the APEL.Q process for DBA, you only have 02 activities and 01 course as below:

• Activity 1: Submit Portfolios to the LAS
• Activity 2: Join the Colloquium, present the research topic, conduct the End-Point Assessment and submit it to the London Academy of Sciences
• Thesis: Defending the doctoral thesis in front of the council of the Université Libérale de Paris.

4. Saving 98% on tuition fees

• You only have to pay 2% of the total tuition fees compared to the cost of studying and living as a full-time student in France. Please contact us for more details.

5. Transparent & No extra fees

APEL.Q is a completely fair and transparent procedure. We assure that no costs will be incurred without being announced.

• One of the top universities in Croatia (QUDAL);
• Government-recognized university by the Ministry of Education and Culture of Croatia;
• University accredited by the Croatian Agency for Science and Higher Education (ASHE Croatia);
• Programs aligned with European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ESG);
• Internationally recognized university within the International Association of Universities (IAU) system;
• Member university recognized by the European Foundation for Management Development (EFMD);
• Recipient of the national education brand in Croatia (Superbrands Croatia);
• Recognized by the European Union under the Erasmus+ system.

The Université Libérale de Paris (Paris-U) is the world’s first liberal arts university for post-graduates.

Université Libérale de Paris holds the esteemed ‘Premier Institution’ accreditation from ASIC UK (Accreditation Service for International Schools, Universities, and Colleges).

Additionally, Université Libérale de Paris’s management systems have received accreditation in line with the European Quality Assurance Framework for Vocational Education and Training (EQAVET) and the Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area, as issued by HEAD – Higher Education Accreditation Division.

Furthermore, Université Libérale de Paris programs have been officially recognized by the Ofqual UK.Gov Awarding Bodies. Their learning outcomes have been duly acknowledged and aligned with the UK national occupational standards by the Senior Leader Bureau of the United Kingdom.

To apply for APEL.Q, the candidates are required to have:

Research application requirements:

• Have at least one Master’s level scientific study.
• Have at least one Professional Doctorate-level Research Proposal (must be submitted and satisfactorily assessed by the scientific panel prior to proceeding with the APEL.Q process for the Doctor of Science program).

After the completion of the APEL.Q program, candidates will receive:

1. LAS Level 8 Diploma in Research

LAS Level 8 Diploma in Research adapt the Level 8 academic competency standard (UK Master’s) with subjects have results recognized include:

• Level 8 RQF/EQF Develop advanced research approaches in a suitable context (30 credits)
• Level 8 RQF/EQF Advanced Literature Review (30 credits)
• Level 8 RQF/EQFAdvanced Design Research (30credits)
• Level 8 RQF/EQFAdvanced Data Analytics for Research (30 credits)
• Doctoral Thesis (60 credits)
• Defend Doctoral Thesis

Note: After End-Point Assessment (EPA), candidates will receive the LAS Level 8 Diploma in Research. This diploma is used only for recognition of the academic level and only for entering into the Capstone Project stage of the Université Libérale de Paris (Paris-U). The LAS Level 8 Diploma in Research is an accredited professional qualification that is not a part of the Ofqual system and is not transferable to other academic degrees if it is not recognized by the LAS.

2. APEL.Q Assessment Report

APEL.Q Assessment Report is a document that evaluates candidates’s competency corresponding to Level 8 RQF (Master). APEL.Q helps the LAS’s partner universities to recognize and admit candidates for the Capstone Project stage.

In the working environment, the APEL.Q Assessment Report is also used to demonstrate competency and the level of professionalism at enterprises, as well as a tool for human resource managers to evaluate employee performance.

Applicants cannot use the APEL.Q Assessment Report to transfer to other academic programs that are not recognized and authorized in writing by the LAS.

3. Doctor of Business Administration from VERN University & Doctor of Business Administration in Majors from the Université Libérale de Paris (Paris-U):

Doctor of Business Administration in:

• International Business Management
• Marketing Management
• Financial Management
• Strategic Management
• Insurance Management
• Hospitality Management
• Logistics Management
• Human Resource Management
• Administration Management
• Engineering Business Management
• E-commerce management
• Information system Management
• Design Management
• Doctor of Non-profit organization Management

The degree is equivalent to that of full-time international students at Université Libérale de Paris & VERN University.

4. Research Scientist Certified by Senior Leader Council (Additional):

Certify the expertise equivalent to a Research Scientist according to the Level 8 RQF qualifications framework of the UK government. Certification of competence issued by Senior Leader Council in full compliance with the UK government’s competency regulations and guidelines with:

Note: The Research Scientist Certified is a Professional Certified from the Senior Leader Council. The Research Scientist Certified is not a work permit, not a practising certificate, nor is it an academic degree.

The assessment consists of the subsequent:

1. Portfolios Submission

• Submit your portfolios
• The London of Academy of Sciences (LAS) will evaluate your portfolios

2. Colloquium and End Point Assessment (EPA)

• Join Colloquium and present research orientation and research results.
• Complete the End-Point Assessment with the guides and support from the LAS
• Receive APEL.Q report from LAS
• Transfer the APEL.Q result from LAS to the university

3. Capstone Project & postgraduate courses (if any)

• Defending the doctoral thesis in front of the council of the Université Libérale de Paris.
• Graduate & get dual degrees from VERN University & the Université Libéral de Paris (Paris-U)

During the End-Point Assessment (EPA) evaluation, if the assessment board concludes that the candidate has not met the requirements, there are still ample opportunities for the candidate to supplement evidence and/or competencies to pass the EPA. The unsuccessful profiles will be categorized into two groups: (1) Those requiring additional evidence (Resit) and (2) Those needing to enhance competencies/knowledge (Retake).

1. For records requiring additional evidence (Resit):

• The maximum number of Resit times is 2 times.
• Resit fee for 1 time: 200 Pounds.
• If unsuccessful, the EPA refund policy applies after two unsuccessful Resit times.

2. For records with additional capacity requirements (Retake):

• The maximum number of Retake is 1 time.
• Retake fee for 1 time: 300 Pounds.
• If unsuccessful, the EPA refund policy applies after an unsuccessful Retake.

For more details, please refer to Resit and Retake process.

APEL.Q is a special humanitarian program born in the context of epidemics, wars and crises, when people are forced to immigrate or lose documents to prove their education and abilities. With such nature, the program always creates the best conditions for candidates in difficult circumstances and disadvantaged people who have been directly affected by war and crises.

Scope of application:
Disadvantaged group are people who face disadvantages in life. According to UNESCO’s definition, disadvantaged group include:

• People with disabilities;
• People in particularly difficult circumstances;
• Pregnant women;
• People over 60 years old;
• People with limited mobility;

Policy for those people:

• Support 50% of the entire APEL.Q cost for the End-Point Assessment phase;
• In case of failure in the End-Point Assessment, the disadvantaged people will receive a 100% refund;
• In case the disadvantaged people wishes to switch to the traditional training model with the Master’s program of the partner university, the disadvantaged people will be supported to continue 50% of all fees.

The London Academy of Sciences wants to join hands to partially support the disadvantaged community with policies that span the globe and apply to all programs.

The NO-LOST policy is an exclusive policy for APEL.Q candidates of the London Academy of Sciences, ensuring that candidates will not incur APEL.Q fees if they do not meet the requirements. This policy applies when a candidate does not pass the APEL.Q process and chooses not to apply the Refund policy:

• Applicants can transfer 100% of the tuition fee that they have made, including the Application Fee, into any programme at LAS’s partner universities.
• Applicants can choose any major/ programme in the system of LAS’s partner universities. The new major/ programme can be different from the previous APEL.Q major/programme.
• Applicants can choose any programme that LAS’s partner universities have.
• LAS’s partner universities include:

1. The Université Libérale de Paris (Paris-U). Click HERE for more information
2. The Swiss Institute of Management and Innovation (SIMI). Click HERE for more information
3. The London Language College (for TESOL programmes only). Click HERE for more information

According to the UK government, candidates must be solely responsible for the entire APEL.Q process. However, the London Academy of Sciences (LAS) understands that with support from the LAS and its partners, the process of providing evidence will be more accurate, time-saving and easier for professional councils to evaluate.

Our partner will support you during the APEL.Q process and Capstone Project. There is no additional cost incurred, please kindly note that your work should be done by yourself, the LAS’s partner will not take over all your work. In addition, it is compulsory to be honest in every process. Otherwise, we will immediately terminate your APEL.Q application without reimbursement of any costs when we find false or inaccurate competency proofs in your application.

There is an information connection through the LAS’s End-Point Assessment (EPA) system between the LAS’s APEL.Q assessment council for candidates to apply at LAS’s partners in Europe, ASEAN, Africa, MENA region and China. Candidates can only submit 01 APEL.Q application at a time and cannot submit in more than one country.

The LAS will help you to:

1. Consult the APEL.Q process;
2. Help you self-evaluate your qualifications successfully before submitting your APEL.Q application;
3. Provide complete information such as regulation, competency standard and liability disclaimer.
4. Instruct to prepare the APEL.Q Application form;
5. Instruct to work on and submit the Portfolios (including evidence);
6. Instruct End-Point Assessment;
7. Have a supervisor for the Capstone Project during study and do the Capstone Project with the University.

Scientific partners will only support you, absolutely not take over your work.

No support fee:

Partners do not charge support fees from candidates. APEL.Q candidates do not incur any additional fee for activities.

No commitment of the contents that are not under authority:

According to EU regulations and those regulations related to transparency, unfair competition, both the LAS, the partner universities and partners shall not commit anything that is not under their authority. Please refer to the disclaimer for more information.

The APEL.Q process consists of two stages and each stage is independently responsible by The London Academy of Sciences (LAS) and Université Libérale de Paris (Paris-U). The responsibility of LAS will end after successful transfer of the End-Point Assessment (EPA) results to Paris-U and seeking the recognition from the Paris-U. After Paris-U has recognized the EPA results, the candidate officially becomes a student of Paris-U and can participate in the final stage of Paris-U (Doctoral Thesis Viva Defend ). As a student, the candidate will have all the benefits of being an international student from Paris-U, including the right to receive a degree and attend the Paris-U graduation ceremony if they meet all of the criteria from Paris-U.

Depending on the Paris-U event schedule, candidates can participate in the graduation ceremony held in Europe or other locations chosen by Paris-U. Graduation ceremony attendance fees and additional related fees will be paid by the candidates and excluded from the APEL.Q tuition fee.

In case candidates are unable to attend the graduation ceremony, the degree and diploma from the LAS and Paris-U will be delivered to the local partner. Candidates can come to the local partner’s office to pick up their degree.

The entire qualifications framework is used to evaluate APEL.Q for the Professional Doctorate program of Université Libérale de Paris (Paris-U) recognized by the United Kingdom government with the participation of a variety of councils such as Tata Steel, Covance, Fera, Photo Centric, Astra Zeneca, Unilever, GSK, Croda, Pfizer, 2sfg, teva runcorn, BASF, nufarm, Grimsby hospital, Health education England.

APEL.Q competency for Professional Doctorate, at Level 8 in accordance with the UK Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF):

Detailed Competency Framework:

KSBs

Knowledge

K1: Subject specific knowledge: A deep and systemic understanding of a named / recognised scientific subject as found in an industrial setting, such as biology, chemistry or physics, found in the nuclear, food manufacture, pharmacology or energy production sectors, at a level that allows strategic and scientific decision making, while taking account of inter relationships with other relevant business areas / disciplines

K2: Management, leadership and effective communication. Organisation objectives and where their role contributes to the success achievement of these objectives. How to communicate effectively with a wide range of senior leaders across different departments, up and down the supply chain, within their own team. Advanced mixed media communication, such as presentations, report writing (technical and non-technical) negotiation and influencing. Leadership within a team of multi discipline specialists at different levels across the organisation, ensuring a shared vision and commitment to success. Effective project management as used in their employer’s environment with regard to quality, cost and time. The employers organisational structure and where their own role fits

K3: Ethics, regulation and registration: All current relevant national and international regulations needed to carry out the role. This will include scientific regulation, health and safety and laboratory safe practice, anti-bribery and anti-corruption. Ethical scientific practice and the employers processes and procedures surrounding professional conduct. How to identify, record, mitigate and manage risk. The impact of failure and how to manage risk on the business. The benefits of equality of diversity in the workplace

K4: Research methodologies: Methodologies appropriate to the sector and how to formulate and apply a hypothesis. Appropriate application of scientific process. The unpredictability of research projects and the need to adapt and adjust daily planning needs to accommodate new developments.

K5: Data analysis and evaluation: Statistical analysis techniques, numerical modelling techniques and how they are applied in context. How to interpret and categorise data to make informed and objective decisions against the goals and targets of the project. How to evaluate and interpret the data and associated analysis against company objectives

K6: Data management: How to safely store and handle data in line with national and international data protection and cyber security regulations that apply to the role. How to manage and store data in line with employer processes and security approach. How to create an appropriate data management plan

K7: Entrepreneurial and enterprise: How to consider a multi solution approach to the objective in the key stages of a project. Market analysis awareness (SWOT / PESTLE / feasibility studies) and how to assess the impact of the project on the business. Intellectual property rights as they apply to the role and specific projects. Value for money and the ability to use market analysis to make go / no go decisions

K8: Development of self and others: The importance of continuing professional development and how to maintain their own specialist knowledge in an ever evolving environment. How to effectively coach and mentor colleagues, peers or team members to address identified skills gaps, using appropriate methods. How to upskill non-technical colleagues to enable them to complete their own role as needed.

Skills

S1: Application of Scientific Knowledge: Apply a range of advanced, new and emerging practical and experimental skills appropriate to the role (e.g. chemical synthesis, bio analysis, computational modeling).

S2: Data Collection and Reporting: Capture and evaluate data critically drawing a logical conclusion, e.g. Case Report Forms, Data Management Plans, Data Review Plans, edit checks and User Acceptance Testing Plans

S3: Commercial and Business Issues: Identify issues, including intellectual property and the commercial demands of the business environment. Understand the scientific objectives of work undertaken and its relevance to the organisation

S4: Communication Skills: Write extended reports and critique others’ work across a range of documentation, e.g. protocols, consent forms and scientific reports. Deliver oral presentations and answer questions about their work and/or the work of their team. Utilise interpersonal skills, communication and assertiveness to persuade, motivate and influence. Discuss work constructively and objectively with colleagues customers and others; respond respectfully to and acknowledge the value of alternate views and hypothesis

S5: Project Management and Leadership: Generate effective project plans to include management of scope, schedules, budget and risk. Organise resources, budgets, tasks and people. Co-ordinate team activities to meet project requirements and quality processes. Adapt scientific strategy/delivery to be consistent with requirements. e.g. client, regulatory, ethical, geographic

S6: Critical Thinking: Conceptualise, evaluate and analyse information to solve problems

S7: Research and dissemination: Frame research questions and methodology drawing from current sources e.g., literature and databases. They can produce intellectual insight and innovations in their own discipline to be shared with colleagues, peers and wider stakeholders internal and external to the business

S8: Developing others: Apply a range of coaching and mentoring techniques with colleague’s peers and team members, selecting the correct method to suit the situation and the person being coached / mentored

Behaviours

B1: Team Working: Collaboration, influence, and respect for others

B2: Flexibility and Adaptability: Responsiveness to change, adjusting to different conditions, technologies, situations and environments

B3: Integrity and Reliability: Respect for the confidentiality of individuals and company information. An intrinsic ethical stance to all aspects of day to day activities. Reputation of trust internally and externally

B4: Management of Expectations of senior management, study sponsors, vendors, investigational sites and key opinion leaders

B5: Accountability: For self and others to ensure that actions are in the best interest of affected parties

B6: Planning, Prioritisation and Organisation: Effective time management

B7: Continuing Professional Development (CPD): Accountability of own and others development needs, undertaking CPD. Curiosity of science and proactively develops knowledge to ensure that scientific and business decisions are based on strong science.

Direct Evidence

Certificates

You can provide copies of your diplomas/certificates:

• Diploma/certificate
• Result statement
• Workshops attended at work (certified)

Work samples

You can provide work samples:

• Photos, outline, graph, procedure, etc.
• Report
• Written material
• Project plans
• Objectives
• Products or achievement

Records of work activities

You can provide documents showing your work activities:

• Notes
• Emails
• Completed worksheets, paperwork
• Workplace agreement
• Sale Contract

Other documents

You can provide evidence that shows what you have done in your daily life:

• Media articles
• Meritorious awards from occupational association, community

Indirect Evidence

Records

You can provide copies of document such as (completed form):

• Working Diary
• Records
• Journals
• Articles on blog, media social, etc.

E-mail

You can provide copies of email communication with other related departments to prove your correlative competencies:

• Customer feedback
• To-do-list, check list
• Materials that demonstrate “writing and communication” competency

Supporting letters

You can provide letters to verify your competency from:

• Employer
• Community group
• People you have worked with (colleague, partner, etc.)

General information

• The APEL.Q process is an independent process implemented by the London Academy of Sciences (LAS). According to EU regulations and international standards, the APEL.Q process is executed to ensure transparency, fairness, independence, and efficiency, following the stipulations and guidelines. However, it is not a program under the government and does not receive financial support, scholarships, etc., from the government.
• LAS’s APEL.Q process is independent and recognized by partner universities, but it is not subject to intervention or control by partner universities or any third parties. LAS conducts the APEL.Q accreditation and makes decisions. The partner universities only accept and recognize the results after LAS has completed the APEL.Q Assessment Report.
• The APEL.Q result, assessed by LAS, along with accompanying documents and certificates, is used solely to assist partner universities in recognizing corresponding capabilities within the training program to transition to the final stage (Capstone Projects), thereby saving time and costs. LAS’s APEL.Q results are not professional certificates, job recognitions, position/title recognitions, degrees, or any similar forms.
• The partner university is the institution that confers degrees. The London Academy of Sciences (LAS) does not award academic degrees (degree, academic diploma) in any form to candidates applying for the APEL.Q process.
• Any diploma issued by the London Academy of Sciences (LAS), if available, is a certification of professional level and is intended for the purpose of transitioning to the partner university. Diplomas issued by LAS are not part of the Ofqual system and cannot be used for transfer to other universities.
• Students may not use the APEL.Q Assessment Report to transfer to universities other than the partner university or universities officially recognized by LAS in writing.
• After having their capabilities recognized by the partner university, candidates are now official students of the partner university and proceed to the Capstones Projects stage. Students are obligated to adhere to the regulations set by the partner university during the Capstones Projects and fulfill related responsibilities before and after graduation. LAS’s responsibility ends once candidates are confirmed as official students by the partner university and enter the Capstones Projects stage.
• Both LAS and the partner university do not commit to anything beyond their jurisdiction and decision-making authority, and they are not responsible for the use of the diploma, diploma recognition in the workplace and country, career advancement, settlement opportunities, employment opportunities, etc., after graduation.
• LAS has the right to immediately cancel the APEL.Q results without refunding any fees if the candidate violates the agreed-upon principles before applying for the APEL.Q process.
• If a candidate provides forged evidence or inaccurate information in the APEL.Q portfolio, LAS and the partner university have the right to invalidate the results (including APEL.Q results and issued diplomas, if any). In this case, LAS and the partner university will not refund any fees or incurred costs (if any) in any form, and the candidate is responsible for all risks and damages caused by forgery and inaccurate information.
• During and after the candidate’s learning process and the completion of Capstone Projects, the partner university has the right to revoke the student status, withhold the diploma, or revoke the issued diploma if the candidate violates the agreed-upon principles, signed regulations, and academic integrity.
• The London Academy of Sciences reserves the right to accept or reject the APEL.Q portfolio of the candidate.
• The prescribed timeline for the entire process is 9 months, ensuring that candidates submit complete portfolios and meet the deadlines for End-Point Assessment and Capstone Projects. Cases of non-compliance with the predefined timeline will not receive the graduation confirmation letter and/or diploma within the 9-month period. Students will receive the graduation confirmation letter within 1 month from the date of Capstone Projects results, and the diploma will be shipped to the authorized representative unit in the country within 2 months. The actual delivery time depends on the university’s issuance process, printing time, and the transportation duration by the delivery unit.
• The fee for the APEL.Q process does not cover graduation-related costs (if any), diploma shipping fees, and other expenses unrelated to the APEL.Q process.
• The APEL.Q registration fee is non-refundable in any form.

 Candidates are encouraged to thoroughly check and obtain information from reliable sources before registering for the LAS APEL.Q process.

The London Academy of Sciences (LAS) and the partner university do not commit to:

• No commitment that participating in APEL.Q process is qualified and can take part in the program’s final stage from the partner university if candidates do not meet the standards and regulations.
• No commitment that participating in the final stage is able to get the degree/diploma if candidates do not meet the academic standards, financial obligations and related regulations from the partner university.
• No commitment about the degree/diploma usage process after the partner university issued, including the recognition in the workplace and the country where the degree is used.
• No commitment about immigration, job promotion, easy to get a job, student visa or tourism before/during/after graduation and get a diploma/degree.

The LAS and its partners do not commit to anything beyond their jurisdiction.